The Chest Clinic
Allergic rhinitis
What is it?
Allergic rhinitis is inflammation inside the nose triggered by an allergy. Pollen causes seasonal hay fever; dust mites, animal dander and mould can cause symptoms at other times. Rhinitis can also have non-allergic causes.
Symptoms
Sneezing, itching, a blocked or runny nose and watery, itchy eyes are common. Some people also cough. Symptoms can disturb sleep and daily activities, and nasal symptoms may occur alongside asthma.
How is it diagnosed?
Assessment considers your symptoms, their timing, likely exposures and examination. Where needed, skin-prick or blood tests can help identify an allergy. Results are interpreted alongside your history; a positive test alone does not establish the cause of every symptom. Persistent one-sided symptoms, bleeding or pain need assessment for other causes.
How is it treated?
Reducing relevant triggers, saline nasal rinses, antihistamines and steroid nasal sprays can help. Correct spray technique and regular use as directed matter. Nasal decongestants are for short-term use only; using them too long can worsen blockage. A pharmacist or clinician can advise what is suitable for you.
Severe or persistent symptoms need review of the diagnosis and treatment. Selected patients may be referred for specialist allergy care, including assessment for immunotherapy. NICE provides specific eligibility guidance for house-dust-mite immunotherapy; it is not a treatment for everyone with rhinitis.
When to seek help
Seek advice if symptoms affect sleep or everyday life, treatment is not helping, or asthma is worsening. Sudden throat or tongue swelling or severe breathing difficulty may be a severe allergic reaction: call 999.
Routine appointment contacts | Asthma information
Sources and further information
NHS: allergy assessment and severe reactions
NICE TA1045: house-dust-mite immunotherapy
General information for adults; investigation and treatment are tailored to you.